Routing brake and shifter housing and cables

In this article I’ll explain how to route housing (and cables) for bicycle shifters and brakes. Is it better to go with sharper bends, but shorter housing, or the other way round? I’ll answer this and other routing dilemmas. I’d like to thank mister Mark Barrilleaux (author of Killa’s Garage website) for helping improve this post with good notes and feedback from his experience.

How often should you inspect and replace cables (and other bike maintenance intervals)?

If you have any questions (or additions and corrections), please use the BikeGremlin forum:
www.bikegremlin.net

Table Of Contents (T.O.C.):

0. Golden rules of housing and cable routing
1. Use appropriate cables and housing
2. Length of cables and housing should be sufficient
3. Total number of degrees of direction change should be as small as possible
4. Plan for any bicycle additions when routing
5. Cables and housing should be as short as possible
6. Radius of the turn that housing makes should be as large as possible
7. Tips and tricks
   7.1. Bike Gremlin cable cross
   7.2. Preparing the housing
   7.3. Lubricating
   7.4. Shimano’s table for optimal rear derailleur cable housing length
   7.5. Housing and cable quality
   7.6. Grinding housing ends
8. Why is this the best way to do it?

0. Golden rules of housing and cable routing

I’ll list the golden rules of housing and cable routing that should be read like the gospel. The rules are listed by priority: each consecutive rule must be respected within limits of not breaking any previously listed rules. I will explain each rule in detail in separate chapters after the list. At the end of the article, I’ll explain in more detail why it is best done the way it is recommended here.

1. Use appropriate cables and housing for the intended use.
2. Length of cables and housing should be sufficient for normal turning of the bars, shock absorbers movement etc.
3. Total number of degrees of direction change should be as small as possible.
4. Plan for any bicycle additions when routing (bags, panniers, luggage mounts etc.).
5. Length of cables and housing should be as small as possible.
6. Radius of the turn that housing makes should be as large as possible.

– T.O.C. –

1. Use appropriate cables and housing

I wrote a post that explains bicycle shifter and brake housing and cables. Read it if in doubt and make sure to use proper cables and housing for brakes and shifters. Using inappropriate cables and housing can cause poor performance and, when it comes to brakes, can even be dangerous.

– T.O.C. –

2. Length of cables and housing should be sufficient

Bars should be able to turn for at least 90 degrees both left and right, without pulling the housing and cables, i.e. without cables and housing limiting the bar motion – unless you have a very good reason to do otherwise.

Likewise, shock absorbers should be free to move for their entire travel, without being limited by cables and/or housing.

– T.O.C. –

3. Total number of degrees of direction change should be as small as possible

The more housing turns (and turns “back”), the more cable friction there is (explanation why is given in chapter 8) Pictures show what I mean better:

Why more degrees of direction change increase friction is more obvious from the following pictures:

– T.O.C. –

4. Plan for any bicycle additions when routing

When the bicycle frame is “naked”, housing and cables are not always in exactly the same position (situation) as when it is packed with add-ons. This should be planned for in advance.

I often see on cargo bicycles that front basket was not accounted for when routing cables. They often end up squashed, pinched and/or awkwardly bent.

– T.O.C. –

5. Cables and housing should be as short as possible

As long as none of the above listed rules is broken, shorter path is preferable.

With brakes, housing gets squashed, while cables get stretched (to a lot lesser degree). Having them too long results in a “spungier” brake lever feel and lower braking force (all else being equal).

For shifters, it usually results with less precise shifting.

– T.O.C. –

6. Radius of the turn that housing makes should be as large as possible

Again, provided no above listed rule is broken (“all else being equal”), less steep angles are better. This is something that many get wrong: choosing nice, wide curves and hence adding more degrees of direction change.

– T.O.C. –

7. Tips and tricks

Here I’ll provide a few helpful tips for optimal housing and cable routing.

7.1. Bike Gremlin cable cross

This is a trick I like using with shifter housing. Without a wide-spread common term for this technique, I’ll name it “Bike Gremlin cable cross”, if for no other reason, then for convenience when writing about it and for fun – to see if it catches on. 🙂 What is it about? Common way of routing shifter housing is along the near side of the frame (relative to the shifter). This alternative method uses crossing. Pictures 7 and 8 explain it better:

After this, the cables get crossed, so that each ends up where it should at the rear part of the frame. Cable crossing does not create measurable increase in cable friction. Another advantage of using Bike Gremlin cross, visible when comparing pictures 7 and 8, is that housing doesn’t scratch the frame.

With frames where cables are routed along the bottom, it is even clearer:

– T.O.C. –

7.2. Preparing the housing

This goes especially for shifter housing. Try to pre-bend, pre-shape housing in the way it will be mounted on the bicycle. Preferably do this before the final shortening. If housing is cut while straight, the longitudinal steel wires (of shifter housing) that are on the inside of a curve, will bend along a shorter diameter than those on the outside, hence sticking out more. Also, pre-shaping housing so that it has the least possible number of direction change degrees is always good (see picture 12).

If housing is not pre-shaped before cutting, a few strands of housing wires can stick out too much, get bent towards the inside and start hindering free (shifter) cable movement.

– T.O.C. –

7.3. Lubricating

Don’t! Especially with new cables and housing. If you are riding in wet, muddy, or “salty” winter conditions, rust and mud will eventually become a problem. In those cases, use lubricants of low viscosity (“thin”). Such as Teflon (PTFE) spray, WD40 etc. Shimano sells special cable grease (affiliate link). I haven’t put it to the test – WD40 and Motip PTFE spray do the job for me, even in the winters (anything can be fixed with WD40! 🙂 ).

– T.O.C. –

7.4. Shimano’s table for optimal rear derailleur cable housing length

Another note would be not cutting the cable right after the pinch bolt (eider at derailleur, or brake caliper). Leaving the cable some 2 inches (5 cm) longer prevents cable wires from unwinding after being cut and it also makes any future adjustments a lot easier (whether it’s tightening, or loosening the cable), by providing a good leverage to pull the cable.

– T.O.C. –

7.5. Housing and cable quality

Using good quality cables, shifters, cable stops and inline barrel adjusters is of crucial importance. At a cost of this sounding like an advert, I completely agree with Mark Barrilleaux’s remark: why would anyone use other housing than Shimano’s? It is of great quality and reasonably priced.

Likewise, if using inline barrel adjusters (often used for easier fine-tuning of road bike front derailleurs), choose good quality ones that stay in place when set, not start turning in due to road vibrations.

At the end of the post about bicycle housing and cable standards I’ve already given some recommendations, but here I’ll also give a short list of (affiliate) shopping links – though I suggest shopping from your local bicycle shop and supporting it (it’s better to have a source of parts, knowledge, experience and good mechanics close by, on-line shops are killing that business). Of course, by shopping using my affiliate links, you’ll support this site, but I’d prefer if you support your local bicycle shops (disabling ad-blocker for bikegremlin.com is more than enough as far as I’m concerned, or buying a t-shirt from Bike Gremlin webshop. 🙂 ).

My recommendations (with Amazon and Bike24 affiliate shopping links):

• Shifter housing: Shimano SIS SP41.
• Shifter housing cap: Shimano SP40 plastic, or Jagwire brass ones (better).
• Shifter cable cap: any decent one, like this SRAM.
• Shifter cables: I’ve had luck with cheap Promax ones, though I’d recommend Shimano, or Jagwire.
• Inline barrel adjuster: Jagwire – light, stable, good.

• Brake housing: Shimano, or SRAM.
• Brake housing cap: Shimano, steel ones.
• Brake cable cap: Shimano, thick, aluminium ones.
• Brake cables: Shimano, again.

– T.O.C. –

7.6. Grinding housing ends

What can cause problems, even if everything else is done perfectly, is poor preparation of housing ends.

How to achieve this? First grind the ends so they are even (using a file, or a grinding stone), with no housing plastics left hanging, and with steel inner sleeve ground to be flat at the housing’s face:

Finally, shape the ends so they are round. For this any sort of point, angled steel object is good, or use a tool designed for the job:

If you did everything right, you should get the housing ends to look like those in picture 12 (2), if not even better. 🙂

– T.O.C. –

8. Why is this the best way to do it?

When I’m learning something, I like knowing why. Not just repeating like a parrot. When it comes to cycling and bicycle mechanics, there’s too much (folk)lore (and marketing) and too little engineering, in my opinion. This is why I think it’s only fair to explain why it is best to route cables and housing as explained here.

First thing that got me thinking and experimenting are old Shimano 10 speed road systems (105 5600, Ultegra 6600 etc.). With those systems, so little cable is pulled for each shift, than any imperfection in cables, housing, or routing them results in frustratingly imprecise shifting. With those systems, Shimano started with under-the-bar-tape housing routing – adding insult to injury (with additional degrees of direction changes). So everything had to be set as good as possible.

In time, with experience, I came to conclusions described here. However, this is still the level of hear-say. What got me to finally write this article is a beautiful experiment conducted by Mr Mark Barrilleaux, described on his website Killa’s Garage – Cable Routing – Experimental Results. There he provided measurable and comparable results (engineering/scientific approach) of various setups and nicely explained why total number of direction change degrees is of crucial importance when it comes to cable friction.

Small digression: I’m a huge fan and subscriber of Killa’s Garage website mailing list. As the sub-title says: “esoteric observations on bicycles and cycling” – Mark Barrilleaux deals in great detail with some aspects less thought about (considered). Along with generally good, common sense, mechanics articles and advice.

Here, with permission, I’ll post a brief summary of experiment results, but I recommend you read the entire original article.

As I like to say – “one good measurement is better than a thousand expert opinions”:

If you have any questions (or additions and corrections), please use the BikeGremlin forum:
www.bikegremlin.net

– T.O.C. –

The existing comments posted under this article (questions and answers) have been moved to this BikeGremlin forum thread:
https://www.bikegremlin.net/threads/routing-brake-and-shifter-housing-and-cables-article-comments.150/