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Bicycle tyre sizing and dimension standards

What do size marks on bicycle tyre package mean, how to “read” them, which bicycle tyre size can fit a given rim? This post answers all those questions, providing an easy, uniform, standardized way to tell a tyre (tube and rim) size using ISO (ETRTO) standards. For detailed tube sizing gude, see: Bicycle tubes – types, valves and sizing explained. Effect of tyre size on speed and comfort is explained here: Are narrower tyres “faster” – rolling resistance.

If you have any questions (or additions and corrections), please use the BikeGremlin forum:
www.bikegremlin.net

Table Of Contents (T.O.C.):

TL/DR

  1. Expressing (noting) bicycle tyre dimensions
    Table 1: standard bicycle tyre sizes
  2. Tyre widths
    Table 2: which tyre width fits which rim width
    Table 3: which fat-bike tyre width fits which rim
    Table 3b: Schwalbe’s complete size chart
  3. Frame fit room (maximum width)
    Table 4: real tyre height relative to its pressure and nominal size
    Table 5: real tyre width relative to its pressure and nominal size
  4. Tyre size and fitting video


TL/DR

Here, I’ve explained how you can read and understand bicycle tyre size marks (why and how 700 C is the same diameter as 28″ x 1.75 or 29″ – all being the same 622 mm diameter tyres).

I’ve also explained which tyre widths you can fit on your rim and bicycle frame (and how to measure your rim width and frame tight spots).

In the bicycle tubes article I’ve explained which tube dimensions can fit which tyre sizes (and valve types).

– T.O.C. –


1. Expressing (noting) bicycle tyre dimensions

At first, tyre dimensions were expressed through mounted (and inflated) tyre outer diameter. That is why today we still often note tyre sizes like 26″ (now less often), 27.5″ or 29″ for MTB, and 28″ for road bicycles. A 26″ tyre fits on a rim with a 559 mm diameter. When a 2″ wide tyre is mounted on such rim, the outer diameter of such wheel with an inflated tyre is around 660 mm (26″). To further complicate things, different standards were made in different countries. This led to situations that same sized tyres were differently noted, or that the same dimension note was used for tyres that differ in size. Does this sound complicated and confusing already? 🙂 Here’s a picture that takes 26″ “size” as an example:

Bigger wheel with a narrower tyre has the same outer diameter as a smaller wheel with a wider tyre.
Bigger wheel with a narrower tyre has the same outer diameter as a smaller wheel with a wider tyre.


That is why ISO standard notation was introduced and is in use today. Standard was introduced by ETRTO (The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation). Diameter of wheel tyre bead seat in millimetres preceded by tyre width in millimetres. Tyre width is also a bit non-exact measurement. It is width of an inflated tyre mounted on a rim of standard width for that tyre size. However, the most important information: wheel bead diameter is noted exactly in millimetres, so there can be no confusion. 559 wheel and tyre are always compatible (at least in terms of diameter, see about tyre and rim width compatibility below).

When bead seat diameter (BSD) is known, a tyre of appropriate dimensions in mm is required. It is as simple as that.

Bead seat diameter and inner rim width - all that matters.
Bead seat diameter and inner rim width – all that matters.


For example, the 26″ wheel diameter is 559 mm and it can take practically any tyre of that BSD, whether wider, or narrower, such as 47-559 (26×1.75″ by old nomination), 60-559 (2.35×26″ by old nomination) and so on. All the manufacturers today mark tyres with ISO dimension standards, sometimes adding old nominations as well, but ISO is always noted and can be used as a safe(st) reference.

Standard road bicycle wheel size today is 622 mm and it usually takes tyres of 23-622, or wider 25-622. Today when off road bicycles with wheels larger than standard MTB wheels started to be popular, it’s wheels are marketed as 29″, but in fact are 622 wheels with wider tyres (so that outer diameter is close to 29″). Tyres for those bicycles are always marked with ISO standard (sometimes along with the “old” standard 29″) saying something like: 57-622, 60-622 and similar, depending on tyre width.

Tyre with dimensions noted in ISO, English and French standard.
Tyre dimensions noted in ISO, English, and French standard


In case a tyre has no ISO (ETRTO) marks, here is a cross-reference:

ISO (ETRTO)
Bead Seat
Diameter
Traditional Designations
787 mm36 inch
686 mm32 inch
635 mm28 x 1 1/2, 700 B
630 mm27 x anything except “27 five”
622 mm700 C, 28 x (two fractions), 29 inch, 28 x 1 1/2 F.13 Canada   Road 28″ wheels and MTB 29″.
599 mm26 x 1.25, x 1.375
597 mm26 x 1 1/4, 26 x 1 3/8 (S-6)
590 mm26 x 1 3/8 (E.A.3), 650 A
587 mm700 D
584 mm650B, 26 x 1 1/2, 27.5″  MTB 27,5″ wheels
571 mm26 x 1, 26 x 1 3/4, 650 C
559 mm26 x 1.00- x 2.125, also fatbike tyres up to 5 inches wide MTB 26″ wheels.
547 mm24 x 1 1/4, 24 x 1 3/8 (S-5)
540 mm24 x 1 1/8, 24 x 1 3/8 (E.5), 600 A
520 mm24 x 1, 24 x 1 1/8
507 mm24 x 1.5- x 2.125 – Big kids bikes with 24″ wheels.
490 mm550 A
457 mm22 x 1.75; x 2.125
451 mm20 x 1 1/8; x 1 1/4; x 1 3/8
440 mm500 A
419 mm20 x 1 3/4
406 mm20 x 1.5- x 2.125  – Kids small 20″ wheels, BMX.
390 mm450 A
369 mm17 x 1 1/4
355 mm18 x 1.5- x 2.125. Kids’ bikes with 18″ wheels.
349 mm16 x 1 3/8
340 mm400 A
337 mm16 x 1 3/8
317 mm16 x 1 3/4
305 mm16 x 1.75- x 2.125  – Kids’ 16″ wheels.
288 mm14 x 1 3/8″
254 mm14 x 2.00. Kids’ 14″ bike wheels.
203 mm12 1/2 X anything. Small kids’ 12″ wheels.
152 mm10 x 2
137 mm8 x 1 1/4
Standard bicycle tyre dimensions (ISO, and obsolete standard notation cross-reference)
Table 1

– T.O.C. –


2. Tyre widths

After explaining tyre dimensions, a few words on tyre widths. Generally, narrower tyres are good for fast road riding on pavement, while wider tyres are better suited to rough terrain, or heavily loaded bicycles (heavy rider, carrying children or heavy baggage on a bicycle etc.). Depending on rim width, a range of tyre widths can be used. The important measure here is inner rim width. Outer rim width is irrelevant (for this purpose), just the inner rim diameter.

Rim cross section, with inner and outer diameter. This one has 19 mm inner rim diameter.
Rim cross-section, with inner and outer width. This one has a 19 mm inner rim width.


The following table tells the range of acceptable tyre widths depending on inner rim width, expressed in mm, according to ISO (ETRTO) standard:

Tyre width
(mm) /
Rim width
18
20
23
25 28 32 35
37
40 44 47 50 54
57
60 62
13xxxx
            
15  
x
xx
x
          
17   xxxxxx
x
x
x    
19    xxxxxxxxxx  
21      xxxxxxxxxx
23       xxxxxxxxx
25         xxxxxx
x
27          x
xx xx
x
29            xxxx
Which tyre width can fit which rim widths (in millimetres)
Table 2


Fat-bicycle tyre sizing chart:

Tyre width
(mm) /
Rim width
65
2.60″
70
2.80″
80
3.10″
100
4.0″
110
4.40″
115
4.50″
120
4.80″
30
xxx
   
31xxx
 
32
xx
33
xxx 
34
xxx   
35
 xx    
40
  x   
45
   x  
50
   x
70xxx
100xx
Which fat-bike tyre width can fit which fat-bike rim widths (in millimetres)
Table 3


Below is a chart which includes many modern (more recent) tyre and rim widths. It was made by the Schwalbe company and in my experience it is a safe guide (I’ve even exceeded the there-recommended ranges without problems). Both the dark-blue Schwalbe range, and the light-blue ETRTO range are fine – as long as you stay within either of those, you’ll be fine:

Tyre-rim width compatibility chart by Schwalbe
Tyre-rim width compatibility chart by Schwalbe
Source: www.schwalbe.com
Table 3b

Why is it important to use an optimal rim for your tyre width?

If a tyre that is too narrow is mounted on a wide rim, the rim can easily be damaged on a bump. If too wide a tyre is mounted, there is a risk of the tyre coming off a rim (with a loud explosion of the tube).

Why optimal rim width matters Source: Stan's NoTubes
Why optimal rim width matters
Source: Stan’s NoTubes


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– T.O.C. –


3. Frame fit room (maximum width)

If there’s limited space for fitting tyres in a frame, note that rim width also influences tyre width and height when mounted:

Difference of outer dimensions when mounted on various width rims.
Difference of outer dimensions when mounted on various width rims.


It should be also noted that one nominal tyre size (e.g. 622-28), in various models and manufacturers, is not of the same actual width when mounted and inflated. Some models are known to be of a smaller “real” size, some are known to be larger. If, for example, the old tyre has a nominal width of 23 mm, and one considers replacing it with a wider one of 25 mm (nominal) width, and there is only about two mm extra room, it should be confirmed what the actual tyre widths when mounted are. If the old 23 mm tyre is among the “narrower 23s”, and the considered 25 mm one is among the “wider 25s”, it is very likely that the wheel will not fit into the frame with the new tyre.

Pictures below are taken on a frame with lots of extra room for wider tyres (and mudguards). They are just a demonstration of where the “tight” spots usually are, and where attention should be paid (and measuring taken) before going for wider tyres. Depending on frame geometry and brake type, some other spots may be the tight ones. It should always be checked and measured at the tightest spot, with the least tyre clearance – and that is usually in (one of) these places:


Table overview of how tyre inflation pressure affects its real height, depending on its nominal size (dimension) – inner rim width used or measuring was 19 mm:

Tyre model and
nominal dimension
Real
height
at
3 bars
pressure
Real
height
at
4.5 bars
pressure
Real
height
at
6 bars
pressure
Continental
Grand Prix 4-Season
ETRTO 622-28
27 mm27.5 mm28 mm
Continental
Terra Trail
ETRTO 622-35
32 mm32.5 mm32.75 mm
Schwalbe
Lugano 2
ETRTO 622-25
22 mm22.5 mm22.75 mm
Real tyre height relative to its inflation pressure and nominal size
Table 4


Table overview of how tyre inflation pressure affects its real width, depending on its nominal size (dimension) – inner rim width used or measuring was 19 mm:

Tyre model and
nominal dimension
Real
width
at
3 bars
pressure
Real
width
at
4.5 bars
pressure
Real
width
at
6 bars
pressure
Continental
Grand Prix 4-Season
ETRTO 622-28
29.5 mm29.7 mm30.1 mm
Continental
Terra Trail
ETRTO 622-35
34.7 mm34.8 mm35.15 mm
Schwalbe
Lugano 2
ETRTO 622-25
24.6 mm24.8 mm25.3 mm
Real tyre width relative to its inflation pressure and nominal size
Table 4


– T.O.C. –


4. Tyre size and fitting video

Can I put a wider/narrower tyre on my bicycle/rim?
Will a wider tyre fit a rim?


Related post – To what pressure should I inflate my bicycle tyres:

To what pressure should I inflate my bicycle tyres?
To what pressure should I inflate my bicycle tyres?

If you have any questions (or additions and corrections), please use the BikeGremlin forum:
www.bikegremlin.net

The existing comments posted under this article (questions and answers) have been moved to this BikeGremlin forum thread:
https://www.bikegremlin.net/threads/bicycle-tyre-sizing-and-dimension-standards-article-comments.103/

– T.O.C. –



63 thoughts on “Bicycle tyre sizing and dimension standards”

  1. Since you went into such precise depth about tyre dimensions at different pressures and rim widths (good job), I’d like to invite community comment about the necessary tyre to frame clearances, both lateral and radial. I have looked briefly and could not find any defined “standards” on this question.

    Whilst velodrome or time-trialling bikes may historically have had “fag paper” clearances, let’s say about 2mm or so, in the real world I would suggest that any tyre to frame/fork clearance of less than say 5mm is inviting problems. Firstly if the wheel pops a spoke and goes out of true, a rub is likely. Secondly, a stick or other item could potentially get jammed and cause a fall.

    Larger clearances than this, probably ca. 10 mm or more, are probably required for mudguard clearance, to leave clearance from the tyre of about 5mm, for the same reasons as already given.

    Any comments on these suggestions? Are they already enshrined in any industry standards?

    • Hi Henry,

      Thank you for taking the time to share these ideas. That is a very reasonable and logical way of thinking. Unfortunately, I don’t know of any defined industry standards. But I know what works in practice – so that’s as good as I can do. Seriously considering to add such a “rough guideline” chart to the website.

      Relja

      P.S.
      An extreme example: 10mm or more is very helpful when you get into sticky mud. Such mud sometimes holds small branches/sticks glued/suspended, so it helps when there is more clearance for all that to be more easily pushed out.

  2. I thank you so much. You’re comment “…it’s as simple as that” and the rest of the info regarding tire and rim size on this page hastened the end of an all day search to determine if the tires I bought were too big for the rim I bought!

    Apparently it’s more a performance issue, and dependent on multiple factors, but a wide tire on a 18 mm rim isn’t inherently unsafe. It’s time to mount!

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